The lighting regimen in chicken coops significantly impacts poultry welfare, productivity, and energy efficiency. Based on the reviewed literature, here are key considerations and recommendations for optimizing chicken coop lighting:
1.Light Intensity Preferences
Broiler chickens exhibit a strong preference for 20 lux light intensity during feeding compared to 5 lux, as demonstrated by their increased occupancy and feed consumption in brighter environments. However, low-intensity areas (1–2 lux) in transit pens were also frequently utilized, suggesting that dimmer zones may be suitable for resting or non-feeding activities.
2.Light Source and Color
LED vs. Fluorescent Lighting: Chickens under LED lighting showed better production performance (e.g., feed conversion, weight gain) than those under compact fluorescent lamps (CFL). White LED lighting specifically enhanced feed consumption at later growth stages (21–35 days).
Monochromatic Light: Red light may improve performance in intermittent lighting programs, while green light has been linked to better eggshell quality in laying hens.
3.Photoperiod and Lighting Programs
Intermittent Lighting: This regimen (e.g., alternating light and dark phases) can reduce energy use without compromising growth performance. Red feeders combined with intermittent lighting further enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency in broilers.
Extended Light Duration: Prolonging light exposure using lanterns increased egg production in hilly chickens by 4–5.8% per additional hour of light.
Avoid Continuous Light: Continuous lighting (24L:0D) increased stress markers (e.g., heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and fear responses, negatively affecting welfare.
4.Energy Efficiency and Practical Solutions
Insulating materials like Herculite Riviera Marine Fabric® can help regulate coop temperature and light exposure while being lightweight and easy to clean. Intermittent lighting programs also reduce energy consumption compared to continuous lighting.
5.Stress Mitigation and Welfare
Bright light (15,000 lux) exposure during daytime induced choroidal thickening in chickens, potentially counteracting myopia development, though prolonged high-intensity light may require balancing with rest periods. Dimmer resting areas and naturalistic light cycles (e.g., 14L:10D) are recommended to minimize stress.
6.Implementation Recommendations:
Use 20 lux LED lighting in feeding areas and dimmer zones (1–2 lux) for resting.
Adopt intermittent lighting with red feeders to optimize growth and energy savings.
Avoid continuous light to prevent stress and prioritize 14-hour light phases for layers to enhance egg production.
These strategies integrate productivity, welfare, and sustainability goals for diverse poultry systems.